Spanish Adaptation and Validation of the World Health Organization's Violence Against Women Instrument

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) developed an instrument to detect violence against women that has been widely used in several countries. Despite this instrument's importance in identifying intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW), it has not been adapted for the Spanish population. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the WHO violence against women instrument in a sample in Spain, facilitating the detection of IPVAW in this context and comparisons between countries. METHOD: After the instrument was translated and adapted into Spanish, 532 women from the general population in Spain completed it. The initial instrument consisted of 28 items. We deleted three items due to low internal consistency, resulting in 25 items in the final version. RESULTS: Suitable internal consistency was obtained through Confirmatory Factorial Analysis for physical (α = .92), psychological (α = .91), sexual (α = .86), and control behaviors subscales (α = .91) as well as for the total scale (α = .95). The instrument revealed highly prevalent IPVAW in our sample (79.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The use of the Spanish version of the WHO violence against women instrument in Spain seems justified.

Spanish Adaptation and Validation of the World Health Organization’s Violence Against Women Instrument / Adaptación y Validación Española del Instrumento de Violencia Contra las Mujeresde la Organización Mundial de la Salud

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) developed an instrument to detect violence against women thathas been widely used in several countries. Despite this instrument’s importance in identifying intimate partner violenceagainst women (IPVAW), it has not been adapted for the Spanish population. The aim of this study was to adaptand validate the WHO violence against women instrument in a sample in Spain, facilitating the detection of IPVAWin this context and comparisons between countries. Method: After the instrument was translated and adapted intoSpanish, 532 women from the general population in Spain completed it. The initial instrument consisted of 28 items.We deleted three items due to low internal consistency, resulting in 25 items in the final version. Results: Suitableinternal consistency was obtained through Confirmatory Factorial Analysis for physical (α = .92), psychological (α =.91), sexual (α = .86), and control behaviors subscales (α = .91) as well as for the total scale (α = .95). The instrumentrevealed highly prevalent IPVAW in our sample (79.7%). Conclusions: The use of the Spanish version of the WHOviolence against women instrument in Spain seems justified.(AU)

Antecedentes: La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) desarrolló un instrumento para detectar la violenciade género (VG) que ha sido ampliamente utilizado en varios países. A pesar de la importancia del instrumento paraidentificar la VG, éste no ha sido adaptado en población española. El objetivo de este estudio fue adaptar y validarel instrumento de VG de la OMS en España, facilitando la detección de la VG en este contexto y la comparaciónentre países. Método: 532 mujeres de la población general en España completaron el instrumento tras su traducción yadaptación al español. El instrumento inicial constaba de 28 ítems. Se eliminaron tres ítems debido a su baja consistenciainterna, resultando un total de 25 ítems en la versión final. Resultados: Se obtuvo una adecuada consistencia internamediante el análisis factorial confirmatorio para las subescalas de violencia física (α = .92), psicológica (α = .91), sexual(α = .86) y en conductas de control (α = .91), así como en la escala total (α = .95). El instrumento reveló alta prevalenciade VG (79,7%). Conclusiones: El uso de la versión española del instrumento de VG contra las mujeres de la OMS,justifican su uso en España.(AU)

Percepción y detección de violencia de género e identificación como víctimas: Un estudio bibliométrico / Perception and detection of gender violence, and identification as victims: A bibliometric study

El presente estudio bibliométrico tuvo como objetivo conocer y analizar la actividad científica disponible sobre percepción y detección de violencia de género (VG) e identificación como víctimas. Se realizó una búsqueda sin límite temporal en la base de datos Scopus hallando 2.152 documentos. Para reducir el ruido documental de la búsqueda, se cribaron los resultados y se analizaron 974 documentos finales procedentes de 465 fuentes documentales, 160 revistas, 2.758 autores/as, 159 instituciones y 79 países. Los resultados muestran un aumento en la producción en los últimos años, destacando la publicación de artículos originales. Asimismo, predomina la autoría única por país, siendo Estados Unidos el país puntero. Entre los objetivos de los documentos más citados se encuentra la detección de VG por el personal sanitario, la valoración del riesgo de reincidencia mediante la percepción de las víctimas, así como el estudio de percepciones y actitudes de diferentes actores hacia la VG

This bibliometric study seeks to know and analyse the available scientific activity on the perception and detection of gender violence as well as in the identification as victims. An unlimited search was conducted in the Scopus database, finding 2,152 documents. Subsequently, the results were screened by reducing the documentary noise. The results were obtained from 1984-2020 and the final 974 documents were analysed from 465 documentary sources, 160 journals, 2,758 authors, 159 institutions, and 79 countries. The results show an increase in production in recent years, highlighting the publication of original articles. Likewise, the single author-ship per country predominates, being the United States the leading country. The main objectives of the most cited documents are detection of gender violence by healthcare personnel, assessment of the risk of recidivism through the perception of the victims, as well as the study of perceptions and attitudes of different actors towards gender-violence

Una Vida entre Rejas: Aspectos Psicosociales de la Encarcelación y Diferencias de Género / A Life behind Bars: Psychosocial Aspect of Incarceration and Gender Differences

Dado el rol que la mujer tiene en la familia, su ingreso en prisión conlleva un estigma familiar,alteración de roles y problemas de apego, efectos que se ven agravados en el caso de tener hijos pequeños en prisión. El propósito de esta investigación es contrastar las diferencias, entre las respuestas que dan hombres y mujeres a una serie de cuestiones referidas a su paso por la cárcel. Concretamente, conocer si el paso por la institución afecta de manera diferencial a unos y otras y analizar las diferencias a la luz de las teorías sobre roles de género. Es por ello que resulta de suma importancia atender el hecho de que no se trata de que las mujeres tengan problemas diferentes a los que pueden hallarse en los hombres, sino que a las consecuencias propias que se derivan del encierro en hombres y mujeres, se suman las propias de la condición de género (AU)

Given the role that women play in the family, their imprisonment brings about a stigma in thefamily, an alteration of roles and attachment problems. These effects worsen for those who have young children while in prison. The purpose of this research is to contrast the differences between men’s and women’s responses to certain issues related to the time they spent in prison. Specifically, the purpose is to analyze whether time in prison affects the genders in different ways and to analyze any differences in the light of gender role theories. It is of utmost importance to address the fact that it is not that women have different problems than those which can be found in men, but rather that the consequences arising from incarceration for men and for women come on top of those differences already inherent to the genders (AU)